Individual psychology, created by Alfred Adler, is a type of psychology that focuses on understanding people as unified, whole beings rather than collections of conflicting parts.
It looks at how each person’s unique personality develops, emphasizing the importance of the environment they are born into, including factors like birth order or early challenges. Instead of seeing behavior as driven mainly by unconscious sexual urges (as Freud proposed), Adler believed humans are shaped by how they perceive the world and their need to belong within society: a concept called social interest, which means feeling connected and useful to others.
Central to this approach is the idea that people often feel a sense of inferiority (feeling less than others or inadequate), which then fuels their motivation and shapes personality: some strive to improve and overcome these feelings (compensation or even overcompensation), while others may give up (resignation) or withdraw into fantasy worlds.
Adler stressed that humans are naturally social and need strong connections with others to feel well and develop fully. Instead of just focusing on what’s wrong, this theory emphasizes encouragement and the potential for change.
In therapy, helping people recognize their own life plans, challenge unhelpful beliefs (known as private logic), and develop social interest can reduce self-defeating behaviors. Adlerian therapy often uses practical steps like guided discussions, role-play, and positive reinforcement to help people build a healthier, more connected life.
Online Resources
- Individual psychology / Wikipedia
- Alfred Adler’s Theory of Individual Psychology and Personality / SimplyPsychology
- Alfred Adler’s Career, Life, and Theory of Personality / Verywell Mind
Please Note: This is my personal summary of the topic, shared both for my own records and in the hope it may be helpful to you. AI was used in parts to assist with the process.